Things that can help keep children and young people mentally well include:

• being in good physical health, eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise

• having time and the freedom to play, indoors and outdoors

• being part of a family that gets along well most of the time

• going to a school that looks after the wellbeing of all its pupils

• taking part in local activities for young people.

 

Other factors are also important, including:

• feeling loved, trusted, understood, valued and safe

• being interested in life and having opportunities to enjoy themselves

• being hopeful and optimistic

• being able to learn and having opportunities to succeed

• accepting who they are and recognising what they are good at

• having a sense of belonging in their family, school and community

• feeling they have some control over their own life

• having the strength to cope when something is wrong (resilience) and the ability to solve problems.

 

Most children grow up mentally healthy, but surveys suggest that more children and young people have problems with their mental health today than 30 years ago. That’s probably because of changes in the way we live now and how that affects the experience of growing up.

 

Dealing with change
Mostly things that happen to children don’t lead to mental health problems on their own, but traumatic events can trigger problems for children and young people who are already vulnerable.

 

Changes often act as triggers: moving home or school or the birth of a new brother or sister, for example. Some children who start school feel excited about making new friends and doing new activities, but there may also be some who feel anxious about entering a new environment.

 

Teenagers often experience emotional turmoil as their minds and bodies develop. An important part of growing up is working out and accepting who you are. Some young people find it hard to make this transition to adulthood and may experiment with alcohol, drugs or other substances that can affect mental health.

 

Risk Factors

There are certain risk factors that make some children and young people more likely to experience problems than other children, but they don’t necessarily mean difficulties are bound to come up or are even probable.

 

Some of these factors include:

• having a long-term physical illness

• having a parent who has had mental health problems, problems with alcohol or has been in trouble with the law

• experiencing the death of someone close to them

• having parents who separate or divorce

• having been severely bullied or physically or sexually abused

• living in poverty or being homeless

• experiencing discrimination, perhaps because of their race, sexuality or religion

• acting as a carer for a relative, taking on adult responsibilities

• having long-standing educational difficulties.

 

What Mental Health Problems Commonly Occur In Children?

These are some of the mental health problems that can affect children and young people.

• Depression affects more children and young people today than in the last few decades, but it is still more common in adults. Teenagers are more likely to experience depression than young children.

• Self-harm is a very common problem among young people. Some people find it helps them manage intense emotional pain if they harm themselves, through cutting or burning, for example. They may not wish to take their own life.

• Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) can cause young people to become extremely worried. Very young children or children starting or moving school may have separation anxiety.

• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can follow physical or sexual abuse, witnessing something extremely frightening of traumatising, being the victim of violence or severe bullying or surviving a disaster.

• Children who are consistently overactive ('hyperactive'), behave impulsively and have difficulty paying attention may have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many more boys than girls are affected, but the cause of ADHD aren't fully understood.

• Eating disorders usually start in the teenage years and are more common in girls than boys. The number of young people who develop an eating disorder is small, but eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa can have serious consequences for their physical health and development.

 

Parental help

If they have a warm, open relationship with their parents, children will usually feel able to tell them if they are troubled. One of the most important ways parents can help is to listen to them and take their feelings seriously. They may want a hug, they may want you to help them change something or they may want practical help.

 

Children and young people’s negative feelings usually pass. However, it’s a good idea to get help if your child is distressed for a long time, if their negative feelings are stopping them from getting on with their lives, if their distress is disrupting family life or if they are repeatedly behaving in ways you would not expect at their age.

 

Professional help

Your child's peadiatrician, a psychologist or a psychiatrist can assist with getting your child on track.